Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Modelled Groundwater Levels (β)

What this is: A model's estimate of each mandal's groundwater depth where no recent reading exists, with how far it can be off.
What to do with it: Use it only where measured readings are missing; the bands show its uncertainty.

About this page

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.

Advanced model evidence

Measured values, held-out model comparisons, uncertainty and no-data boundaries.

APWRIMS-format history · 666 modelled mandals · through 2026-09 CHIRPS v3 / TerraClimate · climate context gradient-boosted + quantile bands Prototype · cohort-specific evaluation

Modelled Mandals

666

targets 2026-06 to 2026-09

Temporal Holdout MAE

1.0241m

22,448 eligible mandal-months · R² 0.9235

Deepening (YoY)

511

>0.5 m/yr water-table decline

Recovering (YoY)

>0.5 m/yr improvement

Estimated depth · 666 modelled mandals

shallow → deep (m below ground)

ShallowDeep0 m · 10 m · 20 m+

Hover a mandal for its estimate & band

How honest is this number?

Current nowcasts cover 666 lag-eligible prototype units. Available APWRIMS-format histories have gaps; evaluation holds out recent eligible mandal-months, not a complete twelve-year panel for every unit.

1.0241 mrolling temporal holdout MAE

0.9235R² explained

4.9419 mwhole-mandal spatial MAE

Accuracy by terrain (MAE)

Alluvial0.8439 m

Coastal0.7843 m

Hard rock1.395 m

Separate evaluation tasks

✓ Rolling temporal holdout (2024-01–2026-09, n=22,448): 1.0241 m MAE, R² 0.9235.
± Whole-mandal spatial holdout (651 mandals): 4.9419 m MAE. This is the relevant no-history estimate task.
± Same-month CGWB/APWRIMS cross-network comparison (n=16,097): 6.123 m MAE, r 0.405; a network comparability diagnostic, not model accuracy.
✓ Model P10–P90 empirical coverage: 81.11% over 22,448 eligible holdout rows.

A modelled estimate with uncertainty — not a replacement for an official reading.
Best where a mandal has some history (nowcast/gap-fill). Hard-rock Rayalaseema is the weakest.
Temporal nowcast performance does not describe whole-mandal or no-history estimation.
The displayed interval is a model P10–P90 quantile range, not a guaranteed 80% confidence interval.
Only the three-month horizon is released; 1, 6 and 12 months did not clear the release gate. Each forecast says how forecasts made in the same month after similar rain fared.

Per-mandal estimates

Mandal	District	Terrain	Modelled nowcast	Model P10–P90	Latest measured	YoY +deeper · −better
Musunuru	Eluru	Alluvial	53.58 m	49.23–57.3	56.28	+6
Agali	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	52.67 m	48.08–56.96	55.9	+6
Dwarakatirumala	East Godavari	Alluvial	52.53 m	50.39–54.58	56.38	+5.19
Gudibanda	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	51 m	48.58–54.29	52.93	+6
Rajanagaram	East Godavari	Alluvial	48.98 m	46.24–52.53	35.75	-5.9
Giddalur	Markapuram	Coastal	48.9 m	43.57–56.26	57.3	—
Gandepalle	Kakinada	Coastal	47.66 m	45.07–50.3	46.41	+6
Nallajerla	East Godavari	Alluvial	46.87 m	45.01–49.09	47.85	+6
Vempalle	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	45.66 m	42.78–48.11	47.08	+5.35
Rajahmundry Rural	East Godavari	Alluvial	45.06 m	43.43–47.77	46.3	+2.5
Denduluru	Eluru	Alluvial	45.03 m	41.7–47.91	48.38	+6
Settur	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	43.59 m	40.34–46.53	41.47	+6
Koyyalagudem	Eluru	Alluvial	42.95 m	41.05–44.56	44.32	-0.83
Kamavarapukota	Eluru	Alluvial	39.21 m	37.19–42.24	43.11	+5.56
Pullalacheruvu	Markapuram	Coastal	38.17 m	33.99–43.3	41.62	+6
Racherla	Markapuram	Coastal	36.93 m	32.63–41.36	41.33	+6
Tanakal	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	35.25 m	30.47–38.91	45.8	+6
Kosigi	Kurnool	Hard rock	34.72 m	32.13–37.26	39.2	+1.49
Veldurthi	Palnadu	Alluvial	34.58 m	30.21–38.35	36.66	+6
Yadiki	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	34.56 m	31.86–37.99	38.02	+6
Venkatagirikota	Chittoor	Hard rock	32.77 m	28.42–36.48	33.88	+6
Chagallu	East Godavari	Alluvial	32.34 m	30.49–34.76	33.34	+3.35
Amarapuram	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	31.49 m	29.11–33.9	45.92	+6
Bollapalle	Palnadu	Alluvial	30.92 m	27.18–34.16	30.42	+0.84
Yerragondapalem	Markapuram	Coastal	29.89 m	26.28–33.85	34.34	+4.76
Lingapalem	Eluru	Alluvial	29.77 m	26.18–33.41	33.7	+6
Pedavegi	Eluru	Alluvial	29.72 m	26.74–32.43	29.83	+4.28
Kalyandurg	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	29.4 m	26.86–31.67	32.24	+6
Nallamada	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	29.24 m	26.71–31.46	30.2	+6
Peddapuram	Kakinada	Coastal	29.13 m	27.33–31.04	30.15	+3.43
Nimmanapalle	Annamayya	Hard rock	28.87 m	24.57–32.33	30.13	+6
Chitvel	Tirupati	Hard rock	28.72 m	25.05–32.05	29.76	+0.71
Kundurpi	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	28.05 m	25.92–29.92	28.28	+6
Donakonda	Prakasam	Coastal	27.45 m	25.17–29.23	29.07	-0.46
Orvakal	Kurnool	Hard rock	27.24 m	22.98–31	29.68	+6
Porumamilla	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	27.23 m	22.99–33	27.28	+6
Mulakalacheruvu	Annamayya	Hard rock	27.18 m	22.95–30.55	48.12	+6
Devarapalle	Anakapalli	Alluvial	27.15 m	25.47–29.18	27.42	+4.16
Parigi	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	26.53 m	23.68–28.7	29.7	+6
Tadepalligudem	West Godavari	Alluvial	26.51 m	24.55–28.35	26.3	+3.11
Ramasamudram	Annamayya	Hard rock	26.33 m	24.18–28.53	43.74	+6
Nallacheruvu	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	26.19 m	21.85–29.67	40.14	+6
Dornala	Markapuram	Coastal	25.9 m	22.04–32.52	31.53	—
Peapally	Nandyal	Hard rock	25.71 m	22.89–28.96	28.11	+6
Putlur	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	25.51 m	23.31–27.39	27.96	+4.9
Atchutapuram	Anakapalli	Coastal	25.23 m	22.51–28.59	26.84	+6
Rangampeta	East Godavari	Alluvial	24.35 m	21.54–27.94	18.98	-4.11
Kalikiri	Annamayya	Hard rock	24.01 m	20.49–27.67	25.23	+6
Pedapadu	Eluru	Alluvial	23.98 m	22.3–25.79	25.11	+6
Pulivendla	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	23.84 m	19.18–27.1	29.38	-0.15
Gandlapenta	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	23.14 m	19.81–26.94	24.69	+6
Roddam	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	22.96 m	19.83–25.77	20.16	+6
Somandepalle	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	22.78 m	18.91–25.83	25.44	+6
Samalkota	Kakinada	Coastal	22.67 m	20.26–25.46	24.39	+3.89
Obulavaripalle	Tirupati	Hard rock	22.57 m	20.69–25.1	22.95	-0.33
Kuppam	Chittoor	Hard rock	21.82 m	19.85–23.51	20.74	+2.27
Dhone	Nandyal	Hard rock	21.52 m	19.49–23.13	22.59	+2.3
Tadimarri	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	21 m	17.88–23.86	23.32	+1.82
Kadapa	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	20.99 m	18.72–22.9	21.08	-1.2
T Sundupalle	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	20.93 m	16–24.37	23.25	+6
Mudinepalle	Krishna	Alluvial	20.82 m	19.06–22.29	20.81	-1.18
Amadagur	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	20.47 m	16.5–23.73	25.54	+6
Kalakada	Annamayya	Hard rock	20.4 m	17.78–23.36	23.96	+6
Kolimigundla	Nandyal	Hard rock	20.32 m	16.11–24.1	26.68	+6
Pullampeta	Tirupati	Hard rock	20.23 m	18.37–22.69	20.75	+1.35
Chilamathur	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	20.22 m	18.33–22.29	21.32	+6
Kanekal	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	20.05 m	17.55–22.43	19.08	+6
Pendlimarri	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	20.01 m	18.24–21.83	21.92	+1.92
Gurazala	Palnadu	Alluvial	19.91 m	14.64–24.83	15.92	+6
Chintalapudi	Eluru	Alluvial	19.88 m	17.05–23.24	20.72	+6
Eluru	Eluru	Alluvial	19.84 m	18.03–21.68	20.27	-0.43
Gurramkonda	Annamayya	Hard rock	19.79 m	16.93–22.65	24.3	+6
Bapulapadu	Eluru	Alluvial	19.2 m	17.1–21.04	20.39	+2.92
Visakhapatnam (rural)	Visakhapatnam	Coastal	19.13 m	17.35–21.34	19.17	+6
Korukonda	East Godavari	Alluvial	19.09 m	17.77–21.29	19.94	+3.29
D.hirehal	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	19.08 m	16.73–21.14	20.61	+6
Mandavalli	Eluru	Alluvial	19.02 m	17.75–20.36	19.67	-1.92
Madakasira	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	18.91 m	16.48–20.85	19.6	+5.58
Kaviti	Srikakulam	Coastal	18.89 m	17.73–20.24	19.91	-0.26
Sri Avadhutha Kasinayana	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	18.67 m	16.35–22.19	19.83	-0.09
Unguturu	Krishna	Alluvial	18.63 m	16.61–20.84	17.59	+5.92
Tirupati (urban)	Tirupati	Hard rock	18.62 m	17.26–20.18	19.13	+1.29
Penamaluru	Krishna	Alluvial	18.45 m	16.8–19.66	19.73	+1.14
Yerravaripalem	Palnadu	Hard rock	18.42 m	16.94–19.99	16.79	+4.86
Nidadavole	East Godavari	Alluvial	18.27 m	16.35–20.04	18.44	+2.7
Karempudi	Palnadu	Alluvial	18.22 m	13.31–22.27	10.97	+4.23
Gudlavalleru	Krishna	Alluvial	18.2 m	17.21–19.55	17.82	+1.7
Rayadurg	Ananthapuramu	Hard rock	17.81 m	15.71–19.91	19.98	+6
Poduru	West Godavari	Alluvial	17.78 m	16.83–19.18	18.35	+1.47
Bethamcherla	Nandyal	Hard rock	17.6 m	16.02–19.62	19.48	+5.26
Ramagiri	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	17.17 m	14.96–19.58	17.01	+6
Galiveedu	Annamayya	Hard rock	17.08 m	15.33–19.34	18.34	+3.37
Pamarru	Krishna	Alluvial	16.99 m	14.74–18.88	17.33	+2.28
Rolla	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	16.91 m	14.7–18.59	17.82	+6
Nandivada	Krishna	Alluvial	16.9 m	14.6–18.94	12.86	-4.03
Peda Araveedu	Markapuram	Coastal	16.82 m	14.11–20.72	19.67	-6
Tripuranthakam	Markapuram	Coastal	16.77 m	14.17–19.13	18.83	+2.96
Thamballapalle	Annamayya	Hard rock	16.7 m	12.57–19.95	19.38	+6
T.narasapuram	Eluru	Alluvial	16.69 m	14.5–19.1	18.61	+6
Khajipet	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	16.69 m	13.88–19.39	15.98	+6
Punganur	Annamayya	Hard rock	16.65 m	15.02–18.5	17.45	+4.57
Rajahmundry (urban)	East Godavari	Alluvial	16.62 m	14.73–18.19	18.18	+1.12
Duttalur	Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore	Coastal	16.54 m	15.31–17.99	17.5	+1
Vijayawada (rural)	NTR	Alluvial	16.53 m	14.68–18.34	16.34	+0.04
Macherla	Palnadu	Alluvial	16.43 m	12.93–20.78	17.84	+6
Pedda Thippasamudram	Annamayya	Hard rock	16.37 m	14.39–18.1	16.96	+2.03
Lepakshi	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	16.36 m	13.68–18.63	17.25	+6
Nuzvid	Eluru	Alluvial	16.35 m	14.92–18.3	17.61	+5.71
Penumuru	Chittoor	Hard rock	16.28 m	13.25–19.42	19.28	+6
Ramakuppam	Chittoor	Hard rock	16.11 m	14.76–17.43	16.63	-1.09
Palacole	West Godavari	Alluvial	15.96 m	15.03–17.01	14.13	-0.59
Aspari	Kurnool	Hard rock	15.88 m	14.17–17.49	16.84	+4.39
Penagalur	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	15.83 m	14.1–18.13	15.78	-0.4
Kothacheruvu	Sri Sathya Sai	Hard rock	15.81 m	13.21–18.44	20.73	+6
Bangarupalem	Chittoor	Hard rock	15.77 m	13.6–18.01	17.18	+6
Nandikotkur	Nandyal	Hard rock	15.68 m	14.14–17.83	16.55	+5.84
Rayachoti	Annamayya	Hard rock	15.61 m	13.97–17.43	16.85	+5.49
Chinnagottigallu	Tirupati	Hard rock	15.58 m	13.78–16.98	16.16	—
Seetharamapuram	Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore	Coastal	15.4 m	13.83–17.39	17.35	+4.55
Sidhout	Y.S.R Kadapa	Hard rock	15.36 m	11.92–18.72	16.95	+2.47

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