Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment
Climate & Water Balance
- What this is
- Rain in against evaporation out: the water budget behind the groundwater.
- What it says now
- 131 mandals ran a water-balance deficit in 2025.
- What to do with it
- See where the balance has run negative.
Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
CHIRPS v3 rainfall · UCSB · ~5 km AP DES rain gauges · measured NRSC soil moisture · modelled TerraClimate ET · U. Idaho · ~4 km balance year 2025 open data · modeled/satellite
Climate balance / equal-weight district mean
annual, TerraClimate 20251,240mmAnnual rainfall in
−933mmEvapotranspiration out
=+307mm/yrNet water balance
5 of 28 districts carry a low-balance flagLatest monthly rainfall (CHIRPS Sep 2026): 216.95 mm
Rainfall minus actual ET is a climatic indicator, not an aquifer budget. Runoff, soil storage, geology and pumping also matter. The same value cannot establish groundwater recharge, depletion or causality.
This water year by district — driest first
gauges 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026 · soil 18 Oct 2026 · reservoirs 19 Oct 2026Statewide gauge rain −39.6% against normal (area-weighted, 3,532 gauges)Soil below its usual level for the date in 573 of 667 mandalsReservoirs 44.5% full against 84.7% a year ago
| District | Gauge rain | Normal | Departure | Soil moisture 30 cm | Reservoirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prakasam | 192.6 mm | 537.7 mm | −64% Scanty | 33.8% median · 24/27 below usual | 4 · 31.7% (74.6% last year) |
| Sri Sathya Sai | 185.6 mm | 433.2 mm | −57% Deficient | 27.9% median · 31/32 below usual | 7 · 49.2% (54% last year) |
| Markapuram | 198.6 mm | 461.6 mm | −57% Deficient | 25.6% median · 21/21 below usual | 3 · 1.3% (3.2% last year) |
| Annamayya | 221.3 mm | 474.6 mm | −53% Deficient | 59.5% median · 21/25 below usual | 6 · 41.1% (56.7% last year) |
| Kurnool | 234.6 mm | 491.3 mm | −52% Deficient | 14.1% median · 25/25 below usual | 4 · 65.4% (87.2% last year) |
| Nandyal | 297.5 mm | 604.6 mm | −51% Deficient | 32.3% median · 28/29 below usual | 7 · 31.7% (91.7% last year) |
| Y.S.R Kadapa | 243.1 mm | 484.7 mm | −50% Deficient | 33.5% median · 40/40 below usual | 16 · 44.1% (84.6% last year) |
| Bapatla | 348.5 mm | 637.8 mm | −45% Deficient | 44.8% median · 20/20 below usual | — |
| Chittoor | 307.7 mm | 551.3 mm | −44% Deficient | 91.7% median · 11/27 below usual | 2 · 10.3% (87.1% last year) |
| Ananthapuramu | 220.4 mm | 389.9 mm | −44% Deficient | 14.1% median · 31/31 below usual | 9 · 55% (78.4% last year) |
| Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore | 243.8 mm | 427.4 mm | −43% Deficient | 63.3% median · 14/34 below usual | 8 · 26.3% (89.1% last year) |
| Palnadu | 330.8 mm | 574.3 mm | −42% Deficient | 23.6% median · 28/28 below usual | 3 · 60.3% (98.2% last year) |
| East Godavari | 563.2 mm | 908.9 mm | −38% Deficient | 56% median · 20/22 below usual | 1 · 11.8% (72.7% last year) |
| West Godavari | 590.8 mm | 941.9 mm | −37% Deficient | 41.2% median · 19/20 below usual | — |
| NTR | 554.3 mm | 845.9 mm | −35% Deficient | 31.9% median · 16/16 below usual | 2 · 92.3% (98.4% last year) |
| Eluru | 575.7 mm | 868.9 mm | −34% Deficient | 55.3% median · 27/27 below usual | 5 · 29.5% (77.4% last year) |
| Tirupati | 328.6 mm | 496 mm | −34% Deficient | 87% median · 12/36 below usual | 5 · 21.2% (42.5% last year) |
| Konaseema | 649.3 mm | 973.2 mm | −33% Deficient | 92.4% median · 12/19 below usual | 1 · 100% (100% last year) |
| Krishna | 535.4 mm | 777.6 mm | −31% Deficient | 46.4% median · 24/25 below usual | — |
| Parvathipuram Manyam | 610.5 mm | 885.6 mm | −31% Deficient | 39.6% median · 15/15 below usual | 4 · 70.2% (82.8% last year) |
| Anakapalli | 598.8 mm | 855.2 mm | −30% Deficient | 87.6% median · 18/24 below usual | 5 · 37.3% (92.4% last year) |
| Kakinada | 584.6 mm | 827 mm | −29% Deficient | 73.6% median · 19/21 below usual | 3 · 72.9% (88.7% last year) |
| Vizianagaram | 610.5 mm | 824.7 mm | −26% Deficient | 52.9% median · 27/27 below usual | 3 · 63.5% (87.2% last year) |
| Guntur | 494.6 mm | 667.4 mm | −26% Deficient | 42.9% median · 16/16 below usual | — |
| Polavaram | 771.4 mm | 1,033.6 mm | −25% Deficient | 72.1% median · 10/11 below usual | 4 · 58.1% (64.3% last year) |
| Srikakulam | 649.2 mm | 865.1 mm | −25% Deficient | 61.7% median · 28/30 below usual | 7 · 56.4% (41.3% last year) |
| Alluri Sitharama Raju | 772.9 mm | 1,003.6 mm | −23% Deficient | 77.2% median · 10/11 below usual | 3 · 76.6% (72.4% last year) |
| Visakhapatnam | 596.6 mm | 775 mm | −23% Deficient | 89.2% median · 5/7 below usual | 1 · 46.8% (80.4% last year) |
Gauge rain is the AP Directorate of Economics and Statistics network against the department’s own normal for the water year to date (measured). Soil moisture is the NRSC VIC land-surface model (modelled, driven by rainfall); “usual” is the same calendar day in earlier years since 2014. Reservoir storage is measured at the dam; a release is not water delivered to a mandal. All via APWRIMS, research use.
District water balance
rainfall − ET, mm/yrWater balance (mm/yr)TerraClimate 2025
Deficit · -19.1Surplus · 983.94
Sources & provenance
open climate dataCHIRPS v3 rainfall
chirps v3 monthly- Provider
- UCSB Climate Hazards Center
- Resolution
- ~5 km (0.05°)
- Type
- satellite + rain-gauge blend
- Cadence
- monthly
- Period
- Sep 2026
- Measures
- precipitation (mm)
TerraClimate
ET + water balance- Provider
- University of Idaho
- Resolution
- ~4 km (0.0417°)
- Type
- modeled climate (not a satellite)
- Cadence
- monthly → annual
- Year
- 2025
- Measures
- actual ET; balance = rain − ET
CHIRPS is a real satellite-gauge rainfall product; TerraClimate is a modeled climate dataset (not a satellite). These research summaries need local validation and do not become official groundwater findings when a climate layer updates. TerraClimate methods and limitations.
District water balance — ranked driest first
| District | Annual rainfall | Annual ET | Balance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chittoor | 839.7 mm | 858.8 mm | -19.1 mm | Deficit |
| Annamayya | 856.93 mm | 834.97 mm | +21.96 mm | Deficit |
| Sri Sathya Sai | 795.98 mm | 747.7 mm | +48.28 mm | Deficit |
| Ananthapuramu | 809.89 mm | 757.21 mm | +52.68 mm | Deficit |
| Tirupati | 938.61 mm | 883.94 mm | +54.67 mm | Deficit |
| Y.S.R Kadapa | 841.13 mm | 775.33 mm | +65.8 mm | Balanced |
| East Godavari | 1,180.63 mm | 1,047.04 mm | +133.59 mm | Balanced |
| Markapuram | 962.2 mm | 821.4 mm | +140.8 mm | Balanced |
| Kakinada | 1,246.19 mm | 1,055.33 mm | +190.86 mm | Balanced |
| Palnadu | 1,055.8 mm | 856.27 mm | +199.53 mm | Balanced |
| NTR | 1,168.72 mm | 967.31 mm | +201.41 mm | Balanced |
| Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore | 1,168.37 mm | 966.4 mm | +201.97 mm | Balanced |
| Nandyal | 1,053.95 mm | 850.47 mm | +203.48 mm | Balanced |
| Prakasam | 1,035.64 mm | 822.83 mm | +212.81 mm | Balanced |
| Kurnool | 1,064.37 mm | 842.8 mm | +221.57 mm | Balanced |
| Konaseema | 1,320.92 mm | 1,054.24 mm | +266.68 mm | Surplus |
| Eluru | 1,286.81 mm | 1,009.68 mm | +277.13 mm | Surplus |
| West Godavari | 1,306.96 mm | 1,020.9 mm | +286.06 mm | Surplus |
| Krishna | 1,336.09 mm | 978.2 mm | +357.89 mm | Surplus |
| Guntur | 1,226.51 mm | 859.9 mm | +366.61 mm | Surplus |
| Polavaram | 1,406.2 mm | 1,030.72 mm | +375.48 mm | Surplus |
| Visakhapatnam | 1,422.92 mm | 1,032.8 mm | +390.12 mm | Surplus |
| Anakapalli | 1,450 mm | 1,031.88 mm | +418.12 mm | Surplus |
| Bapatla | 1,294.67 mm | 844.83 mm | +449.84 mm | Surplus |
| Vizianagaram | 1,806.46 mm | 1,045.96 mm | +760.5 mm | Surplus |
| Srikakulam | 1,809.77 mm | 1,038.1 mm | +771.67 mm | Surplus |
| Parvathipuram Manyam | 2,003.92 mm | 1,044.68 mm | +959.24 mm | Surplus |
| Alluri Sitharama Raju | 2,016.74 mm | 1,032.8 mm | +983.94 mm | Surplus |