AP Water Intelligence
Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Mandal Insights

APWRIMS-format readings fused with NASA/NDMC GRACE-DA satellite-model signals.

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
OverviewMandal InsightsTanakal

Tanakal Mandal

Sri Sathya Sai District · 140 observation months
VerifyLimited ConfidenceCGWB 2024Over-exploited Back to map
Historical Median Depth
20.27 mbgl
Available history / latest 2026-09
Observation Months
140
APWRIMS (AP-GWD)
NASA GW Percentile
10
Dry
Root-Zone Moisture
9.5
Very Dry
Surface Moisture
9.2
Very Dry
Overall Agreement
Decline without positive climate balance
Data Completeness
V2
Limited
Rainfall Context
82.2 mm
CHIRPS · Sep 2026
Location & Context
Basemap © OpenFreeMap · OSM · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Fusion Explanation
Measured · APWRIMS
20.27 mbgl
140 observation months
Rainfall / ET context
82.2 mm
climate balance: Deficit
Modelled nowcast
35.25 m
model P10–P90 30.47–38.91 m · Verify
The measured trend is declining without a positive climatic water balance (Deficit). Climate balance remains context and is not direct recharge.
This seasongauge rain, soil moisture and storage
APWRIMS · research use
Gauge rain, 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026−62% against normal

155 mm against a normal of 411 mm · Scanty · 11 rainy days · 6 gauges

Last month: 72 mm against 127 mm.

Measured: AP DES mandal rain gauges via APWRIMS.

Soil moisture, 18 Oct 202622% at 30 cm · usual 64%
  • 5 cm24%
  • 30 cm22%
  • 100 cm21%
  • 150 cm21%

3rd driest of 13 years for this date (range 5 to 100%). A week earlier: 47%.

Modelled: NRSC VIC land-surface model via APWRIMS; plant-available water as a share of what the soil holds.

Signals pointing to stress3 of 3 usable
  • Groundwater shortfall flaggedyes
  • Gauge rain 20% or more below normalyes
  • Soil among the driest quarter of years for the dateyes

A count of stated tests, not a score. The soil model is driven by rainfall, so those two are not independent.

Crop vegetation, 17 Sep to 14 Oct 202637 · severely below normal

Weekly since 25 Jun; dashed lines at 40 and 60, the drought manual’s class limits. Cropland is about 67% of this mandal's land.

Satellite index: NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km weekly, weighted to cropland (ESA WorldCover 2021). Plant vigour against the same weeks in other years, not yield.

Groundwater assessment 2025-2026Over-exploited · 117% of the extractable groundwater drawn
  • Irrigation59.1
  • Domestic4.0

63.2 of 54.1 million m³ a year (bars: share of the extractable resource, figures in million m³). 2024-2025: Over-exploited, 125%.

Official: CGWB and the AP State Ground Water Department, GEC-2015 method, via INGRES; unit Tanakal.

Reservoirs in Sri Sathya Sai, 19 Oct 2026
  • Gollapalli Reservoir96.7%78.7% a year ago
  • Upper Pennar0.1%0.6% a year ago
  • Cherlopalli Reservoir60.5%69.7% a year ago

Storage at the dam, measured. Whether its canals reach this mandal needs the command-area map, which is not public.

Compare across the state
The State network’s latest reading
AWARE groundwater feed · one reading, not a monthly mean
Latest reading46.57 mbelow ground, 9 Sep 2026 · State band >20 m
Since May22.96 m deeperpre-monsoon 23.61 m
Against a year ago28.39 m deeper18.18 m then
Stations3wells averaged

Our monthly series ends Aug 2026 at 35.73 m; the State reading is 10.84 m deeper since then. It is shown beside our series, not merged into it, and the model does not use it.

Assembly constituency
Kadiri
Parliamentary constituency
Hindupur
Revenue division
Kadiri
LGD mandal code
05360
Official area
291.9 km²
Outline drawn
official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)

AP AWARE groundwater feed (groundwater_aggregatedreadings_api) via the AI Living Labs data lake. Readings 1 Sep–9 Sep 2026.

Every constituency
Drought manual checkKharif 2026 · rain to 11 Oct 2026
steps 1–2 · not a declaration

Tanakal

Sri Sathya Sai district · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Severea week earlier: Moderate
Step 1 · Trigger 1Set
Rainfall vs normal−68%126 mm against 388 mm · Large deficient. Table 3.1 (IMD): normal +19 to −19%, deficient −20 to −59%, large deficient −60 to −99%, no rain −100%. Measured: AP DES gauges via APWRIMS.
Longest dry spell14 wk3.2.1 B: consecutive weeks after the monsoon's due onset with under 50% of the week's normal; usually 4 weeks, 3 on light soils.
1 Jundashed line: half of normal11 Oct
SPI route (satellite)−2.62Extremely dry; would set Trigger 1 on its own route. 3.2.1 C: SPI below −1 is a deficit; below −1.5 sets Trigger 1 without a dry spell. CHIRPS v3 since 1981.
Trigger 1 set by a dry spell. Table 3.11: a dry spell sets Trigger 1. Without one, only large-deficient rainfall (or SPI below −1.5) does.
Step 2 · Trigger 2 · 3 of 3 indicatorsSevere
Remote sensing · VCI Severe37Table 3.4: VCI 60–100 normal, 40–60 moderate, 0–40 severe. NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km, last four weeks. Satellite index over all vegetation; coarser than the manual prefers.
Soil moisture · PASM Severe42%Usual for the date 64%. This date read Severe in 4 of 12 earlier years. Table 3.6 (2020): PASM 76–100 no drought, 51–75 moderate, 0–50 severe. The State may recalibrate. Modelled: NRSC VIC at 30 cm via APWRIMS, four-week mean.
Hydrology · GWDI Moderate−0.36Moderate: 45.8 m below ground against a 25.1 m mean for the month, 12 years. Table 3.9: GWDI above −0.15 normal, to −0.30 mild, to −0.45 moderate, to −0.60 severe, below extreme. Measured: APWRIMS wells.
Agriculture · area sown Severe56%District figure as reported for 9 Sep 2026; context only, not one of this mandal's three. 3.2.3.1: sown area under 85% of normal is drought; 75% or less is severe.
3.3.1 Step 2: severe if two of three are severe and the third at least moderate; moderate if two are moderate or worse.
Step 3 · the State
Field verification due before harvest. 3.2.6: field checks in 10% of villages, about 5 sites per major crop; crop loss of 33% qualifies, over 50% for severe.
Every mandal on the Drought Watch
Aquifer Water Balancerainfall minus actual ET
TerraClimate 2025
Annual rainfall777.6 mm
Modelled actual ET747.7 mm
Annual rainfall minus actual ET+29.9 mm
Deficit

Rainfall minus modelled actual ET is climatic context, not crop water requirement, groundwater recharge, pumping or safe yield.

TerraClimate 2025 annual actual ET vs rainfall (~4 km, modeled). Not groundwater depth or a field irrigation instruction.
Measured History · APWRIMS-format
2014-06 – 2026-09
45.80m below ground
2026-09monsoon
033652014201620182020202220242026
Measured (APWRIMS) Modelled nowcast · p10–p90 Monsoon (Jun–Sep)Depth increases downward — a higher fill is a shallower water table.
Show the numbers
Depth to water by month, metres below ground (APWRIMS)
MonthDepth (m)
Sep 202645.80
Aug 202635.73
Jul 202626.33
Jun 202621.63
May 202623.61
Apr 202622.17
Mar 202617.26
Feb 202613.31
Jan 20268.75
Dec 20257.41
Nov 20257.98
Oct 202511.81
Sep 202516.43
Aug 202518.92
Jul 202524.41
Jun 202523.97
May 202527.57
Apr 202526.12
Mar 202520.03
Feb 202511.64
Jan 202510.68
Dec 20249.55
Nov 202410.16
Oct 202413.63
Sep 202420.01
Aug 202432.95
Jul 202424.90
Jun 202417.32
May 202455.56
Apr 202441.73
Mar 202429.03
Feb 202424.48
Jan 202422.45
Dec 202313.91
Nov 202317.32
Oct 202312.81
Sep 202316.20
Aug 202319.35
Jul 202311.09
Jun 202310.13
May 20236.59
Apr 20237.33
Mar 20238.17
Feb 20237.85
Jan 20237.62
Dec 20226.63
Nov 20226.74
Oct 20226.59
Sep 20228.62
Aug 20227.31
Jul 20227.51
Jun 20223.20
May 20228.49
Apr 20223.51
Mar 20227.16
Feb 20222.02
Jan 20221.83
Aug 20213.59
Jul 20219.02
May 20218.97
Feb 20219.74
Jan 20219.46
Dec 202015.90
Nov 202017.39
Oct 202022.13
Sep 202019.02
Aug 202022.13
Jul 202022.14
Jun 202022.63
May 202023.81
Apr 202022.46
Mar 202023.05
Feb 202022.09
Jan 202016.39
Dec 201920.73
Nov 201927.72
Oct 201928.36
Sep 201932.35
Aug 201933.07
Jul 201930.54
Jun 201929.90
May 201931.20
Apr 201930.76
Mar 201928.43
Feb 201925.69
Jan 201924.35
Dec 201823.14
Nov 201822.42
Oct 201822.36
Sep 201820.88
Aug 201818.71
Jul 201819.26
Jun 201820.50
May 201821.72
Apr 201821.74
Mar 201820.79
Feb 201818.63
Jan 201817.79
Dec 201716.13
Nov 201716.29
Oct 201718.90
Sep 201723.37
Aug 201725.46
Jul 201725.85
Jun 201728.38
May 201730.54
Apr 201727.47
Mar 201724.47
Feb 201722.10
Jan 201720.80
Dec 201619.56
Nov 201619.47
Oct 201618.36
Sep 201616.28
Aug 201614.02
Jul 201612.21
Jun 201611.62
May 201612.12
Apr 20168.32
Mar 20168.62
Feb 20167.93
Jan 20167.65
Dec 20158.05
Nov 201516.19
Oct 201541.59
Sep 201557.14
Aug 201543.41
Jul 201541.15
Jun 201522.60
May 201537.48
Apr 201532.72
Mar 201529.07
Feb 201526.03
Jan 201524.36
Dec 201422.77
Oct 201422.00
Sep 201424.44
Aug 201422.84
Jul 201424.25
Jun 201422.98
APWRIMS-format monthly observations (m below ground). The dashed extension is the modelled nowcast — 35.25 m, P10–P90 30.47–38.91 m — not a measurement.
Monsoon Cycle · Recharge by Year
pre-monsoon May vs post-monsoon November
Typical monsoon recovery+4.95 mmedian across 10 paired years
Weakest recovery-10.73 min 2023
  1. 2015▲ 21.29 m
  2. 2016▼ 7.35 m
  3. 2017▲ 14.24 m
  4. 2018▼ 0.70 m
  5. 2019▲ 3.48 m
  6. 2020▲ 6.42 m
  7. 2022▲ 1.75 m
  8. 2023▼ 10.73 m
  9. 2024▲ 45.40 m
  10. 2025▲ 19.59 m
Pre-monsoon (May) — the annual low Post-monsoon (Nov) — after rechargeRecovery is the metres the water table rose over the monsoon. A short bar is a monsoon that did not refill the aquifer.
Derived from the measured APWRIMS-format history, not modelled. Years without both a May and a November reading are omitted rather than interpolated.
Data Quality & Freshness
Observation records140
Latest observation period2026-09
Satellite sample—
Measured labelAPWRIMS (AP-GWD)
Boundarypublic_prototype
140 observation months; modelled.
Data Sources
Measured Input · APWRIMS
APWRIMS mandal reading (2014-2026)
NASA Satellite-Model (GRACE-DA)
Real percentiles 0–100 · —
CHIRPS Rainfall Context
Monthly areal average · not direct measured recharge
Boundary Source
The State's outline (AWARE), rebuilt from its points · 291.9 km²
Recommended Action
Collect an additional field observation before interpretation
Review the APWRIMS-format observation history
Reassess once the authorised APWRIMS export arrives
Do not treat as official until the APWRIMS export is authorised
Action Output
AWARE / APWRIMS Action Output (Preview)
{
  "district_name": "SRI SATHYA SAI",
  "mandal_name": "TANAKAL",
  "status": "Field verification needed",
  "confidence_label": "Limited",
  "recommended_action": "Review the observation history and field-verify before use.",
  "source_caveat": "Unreleased preview; field verification and official schema required."
}
Prototype InsightAPWRIMS reading + real NASA satellite-model percentileNot official until the APWRIMS export is authorised · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)Go to watchlist