AP Water Intelligence
Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Mandal Insights

APWRIMS-format readings fused with NASA/NDMC GRACE-DA satellite-model signals.

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
OverviewMandal InsightsAmarapuram

Amarapuram Mandal

Sri Sathya Sai District · 136 observation months
VerifyModerate ConfidenceCGWB 2024Safe Back to map
Historical Median Depth
23.54 mbgl
Available history / latest 2026-09
Observation Months
136
APWRIMS (AP-GWD)
NASA GW Percentile
10
Dry
Root-Zone Moisture
9.5
Very Dry
Surface Moisture
9.2
Very Dry
Overall Agreement
Decline without positive climate balance
Data Completeness
V2
Moderate
Rainfall Context
74.5 mm
CHIRPS · Sep 2026
Location & Context
Basemap © OpenFreeMap · OSM · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Fusion Explanation
Measured · APWRIMS
23.54 mbgl
136 observation months
Rainfall / ET context
74.5 mm
climate balance: Balanced
Modelled nowcast
31.49 m
model P10–P90 29.11–33.9 m · Verify
The measured trend is declining without a positive climatic water balance (Balanced). Climate balance remains context and is not direct recharge.
This seasongauge rain, soil moisture and storage
APWRIMS · research use
Gauge rain, 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026−55% against normal

186 mm against a normal of 416 mm · Deficient · 18 rainy days · 3 gauges

Last month: 38 mm against 120 mm.

Measured: AP DES mandal rain gauges via APWRIMS.

Soil moisture, 18 Oct 202612% at 30 cm · usual 83%
  • 5 cm11%
  • 30 cm12%
  • 100 cm55%
  • 150 cm70%

4th driest of 13 years for this date (range 9 to 100%). A week earlier: 6%.

Modelled: NRSC VIC land-surface model via APWRIMS; plant-available water as a share of what the soil holds.

Signals pointing to stress2 of 3 usable
  • Groundwater shortfall flaggedyes
  • Gauge rain 20% or more below normalyes
  • Soil among the driest quarter of years for the dateno

A count of stated tests, not a score. The soil model is driven by rainfall, so those two are not independent.

Crop vegetation, 17 Sep to 14 Oct 202648 · moderately below normal

Weekly since 25 Jun; dashed lines at 40 and 60, the drought manual’s class limits. Cropland is about 79% of this mandal's land.

Satellite index: NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km weekly, weighted to cropland (ESA WorldCover 2021). Plant vigour against the same weeks in other years, not yield.

Groundwater assessment 2025-2026Safe · 63% of the extractable groundwater drawn
  • Irrigation15.5
  • Domestic1.8
  • Industry<0.1

17.3 of 27.5 million m³ a year (bars: share of the extractable resource, figures in million m³). 2024-2025: Safe, 63%.

Official: CGWB and the AP State Ground Water Department, GEC-2015 method, via INGRES; unit Amarapuram.

Reservoirs in Sri Sathya Sai, 19 Oct 2026
  • Gollapalli Reservoir96.7%78.7% a year ago
  • Upper Pennar0.1%0.6% a year ago
  • Cherlopalli Reservoir60.5%69.7% a year ago

Storage at the dam, measured. Whether its canals reach this mandal needs the command-area map, which is not public.

Compare across the state
The State network’s latest reading
AWARE groundwater feed · one reading, not a monthly mean
Latest reading44.95 mbelow ground, 9 Sep 2026 · State band >20 m
Since May8.25 m deeperpre-monsoon 36.70 m
Against a year ago30.09 m deeper14.86 m then
Stations3wells averaged

Our monthly series ends Aug 2026 at 31.49 m; the State reading is 13.46 m deeper since then. It is shown beside our series, not merged into it, and the model does not use it.

Assembly constituency
Madakasira (SC)
Parliamentary constituency
Hindupur
Revenue division
Madakasira
LGD mandal code
05351
Official area
230.9 km²
Outline drawn
official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)

AP AWARE groundwater feed (groundwater_aggregatedreadings_api) via the AI Living Labs data lake. Readings 1 Sep–9 Sep 2026.

Every constituency
Drought manual checkKharif 2026 · rain to 11 Oct 2026
steps 1–2 · not a declaration

Amarapuram

Sri Sathya Sai district · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Moderate
Step 1 · Trigger 1Set
Rainfall vs normal−55%183 mm against 404 mm · Deficient. Table 3.1 (IMD): normal +19 to −19%, deficient −20 to −59%, large deficient −60 to −99%, no rain −100%. Measured: AP DES gauges via APWRIMS.
Longest dry spell6 wk3.2.1 B: consecutive weeks after the monsoon's due onset with under 50% of the week's normal; usually 4 weeks, 3 on light soils.
1 Jundashed line: half of normal11 Oct
SPI route (satellite)−1.93Severely dry; would set Trigger 1 on its own route. 3.2.1 C: SPI below −1 is a deficit; below −1.5 sets Trigger 1 without a dry spell. CHIRPS v3 since 1981.
Trigger 1 set by a dry spell. Table 3.11: a dry spell sets Trigger 1. Without one, only large-deficient rainfall (or SPI below −1.5) does.
Step 2 · Trigger 2 · 3 of 3 indicatorsModerate
Remote sensing · VCI Moderate47Table 3.4: VCI 60–100 normal, 40–60 moderate, 0–40 severe. NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km, last four weeks. Satellite index over all vegetation; coarser than the manual prefers.
Soil moisture · PASM Severe24%Usual for the date 83%. This date read Severe in 4 of 12 earlier years. Table 3.6 (2020): PASM 76–100 no drought, 51–75 moderate, 0–50 severe. The State may recalibrate. Modelled: NRSC VIC at 30 cm via APWRIMS, four-week mean.
Hydrology · GWDI Moderate−0.45Moderate: 45.9 m below ground against a 25.2 m mean for the month, 12 years. Table 3.9: GWDI above −0.15 normal, to −0.30 mild, to −0.45 moderate, to −0.60 severe, below extreme. Measured: APWRIMS wells.
Agriculture · area sown Severe56%District figure as reported for 9 Sep 2026; context only, not one of this mandal's three. 3.2.3.1: sown area under 85% of normal is drought; 75% or less is severe.
3.3.1 Step 2: severe if two of three are severe and the third at least moderate; moderate if two are moderate or worse.
Step 3 · the State
Field verification due before harvest. 3.2.6: field checks in 10% of villages, about 5 sites per major crop; crop loss of 33% qualifies, over 50% for severe.
Every mandal on the Drought Watch
Aquifer Water Balancerainfall minus actual ET
TerraClimate 2025
Annual rainfall799.7 mm
Modelled actual ET747.7 mm
Annual rainfall minus actual ET+52 mm
Balanced

Rainfall minus modelled actual ET is climatic context, not crop water requirement, groundwater recharge, pumping or safe yield.

TerraClimate 2025 annual actual ET vs rainfall (~4 km, modeled). Not groundwater depth or a field irrigation instruction.
Measured History · APWRIMS-format
2014-06 – 2026-09
45.92m below ground
2026-09monsoon
025502014201620182020202220242026
Measured (APWRIMS) Modelled nowcast · p10–p90 Monsoon (Jun–Sep)Depth increases downward — a higher fill is a shallower water table.
Show the numbers
Depth to water by month, metres below ground (APWRIMS)
MonthDepth (m)
Sep 202645.92
Aug 202631.49
Jul 202629.80
Jun 202630.48
May 202636.70
Apr 202635.70
Mar 202629.00
Feb 202622.98
Jan 202620.00
Dec 202519.19
Nov 202519.80
Oct 202510.56
Sep 202512.64
Aug 202515.81
Jul 202515.14
Jun 202514.03
May 202512.97
Apr 202517.91
Mar 202522.24
Feb 202514.91
Jan 202513.56
Dec 202411.72
Nov 202413.01
Oct 20246.58
Sep 202417.18
Aug 202412.04
Jul 202420.52
Jun 202416.53
May 202436.97
Apr 202433.35
Mar 202430.74
Feb 202421.59
Jan 202420.73
Dec 202317.68
Nov 202316.53
Oct 202315.95
Sep 202312.36
Aug 202310.78
Jul 20237.82
Jun 202314.02
May 20236.16
Apr 202310.96
Mar 20239.83
Feb 20239.09
Jan 20239.71
Dec 20224.43
Nov 20227.46
Oct 20223.27
Sep 20225.05
Aug 202211.38
Jul 202211.99
May 202220.39
Mar 202226.09
Aug 202124.09
Jul 202126.24
May 202136.28
Feb 202121.95
Jan 202119.31
Dec 202017.45
Nov 202017.77
Oct 202038.84
Sep 202021.35
Aug 202038.51
Jul 202038.46
Jun 202038.66
May 202038.96
Apr 202038.66
Mar 202039.27
Feb 202032.31
Jan 202026.23
Dec 201926.07
Nov 201940.37
Oct 201941.27
Sep 201946.03
Aug 201945.24
Jul 201945.87
Jun 201945.62
May 201945.49
Apr 201944.89
Mar 201944.94
Feb 201943.83
Jan 201943.58
Dec 201842.72
Nov 201837.20
Oct 201841.02
Sep 201836.98
Aug 201826.89
Jul 201820.60
Jun 201831.02
May 201839.60
Apr 201842.99
Mar 201840.91
Feb 201838.40
Jan 201835.92
Dec 201734.68
Nov 201730.83
Oct 201730.54
Sep 201739.74
Aug 201740.57
Jul 201741.31
May 201740.20
Apr 201739.54
Mar 201738.89
Feb 201738.70
Jan 201738.23
Dec 201637.80
Nov 201637.65
Oct 201637.24
Sep 201636.66
Aug 201636.55
Jul 201636.28
Jun 201635.98
May 201635.37
Apr 201635.32
Mar 201634.72
Feb 201633.70
Jan 201622.10
Dec 201521.52
Nov 201515.51
Oct 201518.73
Sep 201519.98
Aug 201520.55
Jul 201519.67
Jun 201518.88
May 201518.15
Apr 20159.00
Mar 20158.80
Feb 20158.01
Jan 20156.75
Dec 20146.56
Nov 20146.72
Oct 20148.22
Sep 20148.43
Aug 20148.65
Jul 20149.06
Jun 20148.48
APWRIMS-format monthly observations (m below ground). The dashed extension is the modelled nowcast — 31.49 m, P10–P90 29.11–33.9 m — not a measurement.
Monsoon Cycle · Recharge by Year
pre-monsoon May vs post-monsoon November
Typical monsoon recovery+3.88 mmedian across 10 paired years
Weakest recovery-10.37 min 2023
  1. 2015▲ 2.64 m
  2. 2016▼ 2.28 m
  3. 2017▲ 9.37 m
  4. 2018▲ 2.40 m
  5. 2019▲ 5.12 m
  6. 2020▲ 21.19 m
  7. 2022▲ 12.93 m
  8. 2023▼ 10.37 m
  9. 2024▲ 23.96 m
  10. 2025▼ 6.82 m
Pre-monsoon (May) — the annual low Post-monsoon (Nov) — after rechargeRecovery is the metres the water table rose over the monsoon. A short bar is a monsoon that did not refill the aquifer.
Derived from the measured APWRIMS-format history, not modelled. Years without both a May and a November reading are omitted rather than interpolated.
Data Quality & Freshness
Observation records136
Latest observation period2026-09
Satellite sample—
Measured labelAPWRIMS (AP-GWD)
Boundarypublic_prototype
136 observation months; modelled.
Data Sources
Measured Input · APWRIMS
APWRIMS mandal reading (2014-2026)
NASA Satellite-Model (GRACE-DA)
Real percentiles 0–100 · —
CHIRPS Rainfall Context
Monthly areal average · not direct measured recharge
Boundary Source
The State's outline (AWARE), rebuilt from its points · 230.9 km²
Recommended Action
Collect an additional field observation before interpretation
Review the APWRIMS-format observation history
Reassess once the authorised APWRIMS export arrives
Do not treat as official until the APWRIMS export is authorised
Action Output
AWARE / APWRIMS Action Output (Preview)
{
  "district_name": "SRI SATHYA SAI",
  "mandal_name": "AMARAPURAM",
  "status": "Field verification needed",
  "confidence_label": "Moderate",
  "recommended_action": "Review the observation history and field-verify before use.",
  "source_caveat": "Unreleased preview; field verification and official schema required."
}
Prototype InsightAPWRIMS reading + real NASA satellite-model percentileNot official until the APWRIMS export is authorised · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)Go to watchlist