AP Water Intelligence
Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Mandal Insights

APWRIMS-format readings fused with NASA/NDMC GRACE-DA satellite-model signals.

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
OverviewMandal InsightsPiduguralla

Piduguralla Mandal

Palnadu District · 141 observation months
StressHigh ConfidenceCGWB 2024Safe Back to map
Historical Median Depth
5.77 mbgl
Available history / latest 2026-09
Observation Months
141
APWRIMS (AP-GWD)
NASA GW Percentile
5.8
Very Dry
Root-Zone Moisture
0.4
Very Dry
Surface Moisture
0.4
Very Dry
Overall Agreement
Decline without positive climate balance
Data Completeness
V2
High
Rainfall Context
144.2 mm
CHIRPS · Sep 2026
Location & Context
Basemap © OpenFreeMap · OSM · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Fusion Explanation
Measured · APWRIMS
5.77 mbgl
141 observation months
Rainfall / ET context
144.2 mm
climate balance: Balanced
Modelled nowcast
5.89 m
model P10–P90 4.98–6.75 m · Stress
The measured trend is declining without a positive climatic water balance (Balanced). Climate balance remains context and is not direct recharge.
This seasongauge rain, soil moisture and storage
APWRIMS · research use
Gauge rain, 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026−63% against normal

220 mm against a normal of 587 mm · Scanty · 17 rainy days · 11 gauges

Last month: 69 mm against 129 mm.

Measured: AP DES mandal rain gauges via APWRIMS.

Soil moisture, 18 Oct 202614% at 30 cm · usual 68%
  • 5 cm31%
  • 30 cm14%
  • 100 cm23%
  • 150 cm27%

2nd driest of 13 years for this date (range 4 to 100%). A week earlier: 20%.

Modelled: NRSC VIC land-surface model via APWRIMS; plant-available water as a share of what the soil holds.

Signals pointing to stress3 of 3 usable
  • Groundwater shortfall flaggedyes
  • Gauge rain 20% or more below normalyes
  • Soil among the driest quarter of years for the dateyes

A count of stated tests, not a score. The soil model is driven by rainfall, so those two are not independent.

Crop vegetation, 17 Sep to 14 Oct 202627 · severely below normal

Weekly since 25 Jun; dashed lines at 40 and 60, the drought manual’s class limits. Cropland is about 78% of this mandal's land.

Satellite index: NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km weekly, weighted to cropland (ESA WorldCover 2021). Plant vigour against the same weeks in other years, not yield.

Groundwater assessment 2025-2026Safe · 59% of the extractable groundwater drawn
  • Irrigation15.4
  • Domestic1.5

17.0 of 28.8 million m³ a year (bars: share of the extractable resource, figures in million m³). 2024-2025: Safe, 62%.

Official: CGWB and the AP State Ground Water Department, GEC-2015 method, via INGRES; unit Piduguralla.

Reservoirs in Palnadu, 19 Oct 2026
  • Nagarjuna Sagar60.2%98.6% a year ago
  • Pulichinthala Project61.9%96.4% a year ago
  • Buggavagu49.1%89% a year ago

Storage at the dam, measured. Whether its canals reach this mandal needs the command-area map, which is not public.

Compare across the state
The State network’s latest reading
AWARE groundwater feed · one reading, not a monthly mean
Latest reading6.47 mbelow ground, 9 Sep 2026 · State band 6–20 m
Since May0.70 m deeperpre-monsoon 5.77 m
Against a year ago1.27 m deeper5.20 m then
Stations3wells averaged

Our monthly series ends Aug 2026 at 6.22 m; the State reading is 0.25 m deeper since then. It is shown beside our series, not merged into it, and the model does not use it.

Assembly constituency
Gurazala
Parliamentary constituency
Narasaraopet
Revenue division
Gurazala
LGD mandal code
05047
Official area
256.5 km²
Outline drawn
official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)

AP AWARE groundwater feed (groundwater_aggregatedreadings_api) via the AI Living Labs data lake. Readings 1 Sep–9 Sep 2026.

Every constituency
Drought manual checkKharif 2026 · rain to 11 Oct 2026
steps 1–2 · not a declaration

Piduguralla

Palnadu district · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Moderatea week earlier: No trigger
Step 1 · Trigger 1Set
Rainfall vs normal−62%220 mm against 571 mm · Large deficient. Table 3.1 (IMD): normal +19 to −19%, deficient −20 to −59%, large deficient −60 to −99%, no rain −100%. Measured: AP DES gauges via APWRIMS.
Longest dry spell3 wk3.2.1 B: consecutive weeks after the monsoon's due onset with under 50% of the week's normal; usually 4 weeks, 3 on light soils.
1 Jundashed line: half of normal11 Oct
SPI route (satellite)−1.43Moderately dry; would not set Trigger 1 on its own route. 3.2.1 C: SPI below −1 is a deficit; below −1.5 sets Trigger 1 without a dry spell. CHIRPS v3 since 1981.
Trigger 1 set by large-deficient rainfall. Table 3.11: a dry spell sets Trigger 1. Without one, only large-deficient rainfall (or SPI below −1.5) does.
Step 2 · Trigger 2 · 3 of 3 indicatorsModerate
Remote sensing · VCI Severe34Table 3.4: VCI 60–100 normal, 40–60 moderate, 0–40 severe. NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km, last four weeks. Satellite index over all vegetation; coarser than the manual prefers.
Soil moisture · PASM Severe27%Usual for the date 68%. This date read Severe in 4 of 12 earlier years. Table 3.6 (2020): PASM 76–100 no drought, 51–75 moderate, 0–50 severe. The State may recalibrate. Modelled: NRSC VIC at 30 cm via APWRIMS, four-week mean.
Hydrology · GWDI Normal−0.19Mild: 6.0 m below ground against a 4.8 m mean for the month, 12 years. Table 3.9: GWDI above −0.15 normal, to −0.30 mild, to −0.45 moderate, to −0.60 severe, below extreme. Measured: APWRIMS wells.
Agriculture · area sown n/a—Not published per mandal: the Agriculture department holds it. 3.2.3.1: sown area under 85% of normal is drought; 75% or less is severe.
3.3.1 Step 2: severe if two of three are severe and the third at least moderate; moderate if two are moderate or worse.
Step 3 · the State
Field verification due before harvest. 3.2.6: field checks in 10% of villages, about 5 sites per major crop; crop loss of 33% qualifies, over 50% for severe.
Every mandal on the Drought Watch
Aquifer Water Balancerainfall minus actual ET
TerraClimate 2025
Annual rainfall1,023.17 mm
Modelled actual ET856.27 mm
Annual rainfall minus actual ET+166.9 mm
Balanced

Rainfall minus modelled actual ET is climatic context, not crop water requirement, groundwater recharge, pumping or safe yield.

TerraClimate 2025 annual actual ET vs rainfall (~4 km, modeled). Not groundwater depth or a field irrigation instruction.
Measured History · APWRIMS-format
2014-06 – 2026-09
5.96m below ground
2026-09monsoon
07142014201620182020202220242026
Measured (APWRIMS) Modelled nowcast · p10–p90 Monsoon (Jun–Sep)Depth increases downward — a higher fill is a shallower water table.
Show the numbers
Depth to water by month, metres below ground (APWRIMS)
MonthDepth (m)
Sep 20265.96
Aug 20266.22
Jul 20265.56
Jun 20265.33
May 20265.77
Apr 20265.46
Mar 20265.17
Feb 20265.09
Jan 20264.95
Dec 20254.71
Nov 20254.21
Oct 20254.23
Sep 20254.49
Aug 20255.50
Jul 20255.58
Jun 20256.22
May 20256.24
Apr 20255.77
Mar 20255.73
Feb 20255.56
Jan 20255.21
Dec 20244.89
Nov 20244.71
Oct 20244.09
Sep 20244.50
Aug 20245.58
Jul 20247.99
Jun 20247.48
May 20248.67
Apr 20249.10
Mar 20248.86
Feb 20247.48
Jan 20245.55
Dec 20235.50
Nov 20236.83
Oct 20236.97
Sep 20236.15
Aug 20236.49
Jul 20236.44
Jun 20235.65
May 20233.52
Apr 20235.81
Mar 20235.04
Feb 20236.00
Jan 20234.80
Dec 20225.70
Nov 20225.33
Oct 20225.07
Sep 20225.67
Aug 20225.35
Jul 20224.84
Jun 20227.87
May 20227.54
Apr 20228.19
Mar 20228.23
Feb 20227.49
Jan 20224.88
Aug 20215.42
Jul 20214.24
May 20216.44
Feb 20216.25
Jan 20215.53
Dec 20205.07
Nov 20205.07
Oct 20204.89
Sep 20204.16
Aug 20205.04
Jul 20204.16
Jun 20207.29
May 202010.17
Apr 20209.12
Mar 20207.33
Feb 20206.71
Jan 20206.62
Dec 20196.32
Nov 20196.35
Oct 20195.28
Sep 20195.32
Aug 20196.58
Jul 20197.93
Jun 201911.03
May 20199.97
Apr 20198.93
Mar 20198.22
Feb 20196.58
Jan 20195.67
Dec 20186.56
Nov 20186.40
Oct 20186.02
Sep 20185.71
Aug 20185.07
Jul 20186.35
Jun 20188.10
May 20188.75
Apr 20188.52
Mar 20187.86
Feb 20186.70
Jan 20186.33
Dec 20176.78
Nov 20175.74
Oct 20174.58
Sep 20173.97
Aug 20175.41
Jul 20175.60
Jun 20179.16
May 20179.26
Apr 20179.30
Mar 20178.08
Feb 20177.36
Jan 20176.49
Dec 20165.98
Nov 20165.24
Oct 20163.97
Sep 20162.28
Aug 20162.65
Jul 20166.58
Jun 20166.25
May 201610.46
Apr 201611.68
Mar 201611.26
Feb 20169.49
Jan 20169.12
Dec 20158.40
Nov 20152.85
Oct 20155.43
Sep 20155.45
Aug 20155.54
Jul 20156.41
Jun 20155.18
May 20157.33
Apr 20156.64
Mar 20155.62
Feb 20155.63
Jan 20155.06
Dec 20144.73
Nov 20144.27
Oct 20143.46
Sep 20143.92
Aug 20146.01
Jul 20145.07
Jun 20146.49
APWRIMS-format monthly observations (m below ground). The dashed extension is the modelled nowcast — 5.89 m, P10–P90 4.98–6.75 m — not a measurement.
Monsoon Cycle · Recharge by Year
pre-monsoon May vs post-monsoon November
Typical monsoon recovery+3.58 mmedian across 10 paired years
Weakest recovery-3.30 min 2023
  1. 2015▲ 4.47 m
  2. 2016▲ 5.23 m
  3. 2017▲ 3.52 m
  4. 2018▲ 2.35 m
  5. 2019▲ 3.63 m
  6. 2020▲ 5.10 m
  7. 2022▲ 2.22 m
  8. 2023▼ 3.30 m
  9. 2024▲ 3.96 m
  10. 2025▲ 2.03 m
Pre-monsoon (May) — the annual low Post-monsoon (Nov) — after rechargeRecovery is the metres the water table rose over the monsoon. A short bar is a monsoon that did not refill the aquifer.
Derived from the measured APWRIMS-format history, not modelled. Years without both a May and a November reading are omitted rather than interpolated.
Data Quality & Freshness
Observation records141
Latest observation period2026-09
Satellite sample—
Measured labelAPWRIMS (AP-GWD)
Boundarypublic_prototype
141 observation months; modelled.
Data Sources
Measured Input · APWRIMS
APWRIMS mandal reading (2014-2026)
NASA Satellite-Model (GRACE-DA)
Real percentiles 0–100 · —
CHIRPS Rainfall Context
Monthly areal average · not direct measured recharge
Boundary Source
The State's outline (AWARE), rebuilt from its points · 256.5 km²
Recommended Action
Collect an additional field observation before interpretation
Review the APWRIMS-format observation history
Reassess once the authorised APWRIMS export arrives
Do not treat as official until the APWRIMS export is authorised
Action Output
AWARE / APWRIMS Action Output (Preview)
{
  "district_name": "PALNADU",
  "mandal_name": "PIDUGURALLA",
  "status": "Groundwater stress indicator",
  "confidence_label": "High",
  "recommended_action": "Review the measured history and field-verify conditions.",
  "source_caveat": "Unreleased preview; field verification and official schema required."
}
Prototype InsightAPWRIMS reading + real NASA satellite-model percentileNot official until the APWRIMS export is authorised · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)Go to watchlist