AP Water Intelligence
Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Mandal Insights

APWRIMS-format readings fused with NASA/NDMC GRACE-DA satellite-model signals.

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
OverviewMandal InsightsIpur

Ipur Mandal

Palnadu District · 141 observation months
StressHigh ConfidenceCGWB 2024Not assessed Back to map
Historical Median Depth
6.61 mbgl
Available history / latest 2026-09
Observation Months
141
APWRIMS (AP-GWD)
NASA GW Percentile
5.8
Very Dry
Root-Zone Moisture
0.4
Very Dry
Surface Moisture
0.4
Very Dry
Overall Agreement
Decline despite positive climate balance
Data Completeness
V2
High
Rainfall Context
176.3 mm
CHIRPS · Sep 2026
Location & Context
Basemap © OpenFreeMap · OSM · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Fusion Explanation
Measured · APWRIMS
6.61 mbgl
141 observation months
Rainfall / ET context
176.3 mm
climate balance: Surplus
Modelled nowcast
6.19 m
model P10–P90 5.36–7.24 m · Stress
The measured trend is declining while the climatic water balance is surplus. This is a context mismatch to investigate, not evidence of a specific cause.
This seasongauge rain, soil moisture and storage
APWRIMS · research use
Gauge rain, 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026−68% against normal

162 mm against a normal of 500 mm · Scanty · 20 rainy days · 3 gauges

Last month: 88 mm against 130 mm.

Measured: AP DES mandal rain gauges via APWRIMS.

Soil moisture, 18 Oct 202621% at 30 cm · usual 77%
  • 5 cm48%
  • 30 cm21%
  • 100 cm19%
  • 150 cm19%

2nd driest of 13 years for this date (range 17 to 99%). A week earlier: 27%.

Modelled: NRSC VIC land-surface model via APWRIMS; plant-available water as a share of what the soil holds.

Signals pointing to stress3 of 3 usable
  • Groundwater shortfall flaggedyes
  • Gauge rain 20% or more below normalyes
  • Soil among the driest quarter of years for the dateyes

A count of stated tests, not a score. The soil model is driven by rainfall, so those two are not independent.

Crop vegetation, 17 Sep to 14 Oct 202618 · severely below normal

Weekly since 25 Jun; dashed lines at 40 and 60, the drought manual’s class limits. Cropland is about 70% of this mandal's land.

Satellite index: NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km weekly, weighted to cropland (ESA WorldCover 2021). Plant vigour against the same weeks in other years, not yield.

Groundwater assessment 2025-2026Safe · 33% of the extractable groundwater drawn
  • Irrigation18.3
  • Domestic1.4

19.7 of 60.7 million m³ a year (bars: share of the extractable resource, figures in million m³). 2024-2025: Safe, 34%.

Official: CGWB and the AP State Ground Water Department, GEC-2015 method, via INGRES; unit Ipuru.

Reservoirs in Palnadu, 19 Oct 2026
  • Nagarjuna Sagar60.2%98.6% a year ago
  • Pulichinthala Project61.9%96.4% a year ago
  • Buggavagu49.1%89% a year ago

Storage at the dam, measured. Whether its canals reach this mandal needs the command-area map, which is not public.

Compare across the state
The State network’s latest reading
AWARE groundwater feed · one reading, not a monthly mean
Latest reading7.00 mbelow ground, 9 Sep 2026 · State band 6–20 m
Since May1.60 m deeperpre-monsoon 5.40 m
Against a year ago2.16 m deeper4.84 m then
Stations7wells averaged
Assembly constituency
Vinukonda
Parliamentary constituency
Narasaraopet
Revenue division
Narasaraopet
LGD mandal code
05065
Official area
331.2 km²
Outline drawn
official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)

AP AWARE groundwater feed (groundwater_aggregatedreadings_api) via the AI Living Labs data lake. Readings 1 Sep–9 Sep 2026.

Every constituency
Drought manual checkKharif 2026 · rain to 11 Oct 2026
steps 1–2 · not a declaration

Ipur

Palnadu district · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Moderate
Step 1 · Trigger 1Set
Rainfall vs normal−67%160 mm against 487 mm · Large deficient. Table 3.1 (IMD): normal +19 to −19%, deficient −20 to −59%, large deficient −60 to −99%, no rain −100%. Measured: AP DES gauges via APWRIMS.
Longest dry spell11 wk3.2.1 B: consecutive weeks after the monsoon's due onset with under 50% of the week's normal; usually 4 weeks, 3 on light soils.
1 Jundashed line: half of normal11 Oct
SPI route (satellite)−1.43Moderately dry; would set Trigger 1 on its own route. 3.2.1 C: SPI below −1 is a deficit; below −1.5 sets Trigger 1 without a dry spell. CHIRPS v3 since 1981.
Trigger 1 set by a dry spell. Table 3.11: a dry spell sets Trigger 1. Without one, only large-deficient rainfall (or SPI below −1.5) does.
Step 2 · Trigger 2 · 3 of 3 indicatorsModerate
Remote sensing · VCI Severe20Table 3.4: VCI 60–100 normal, 40–60 moderate, 0–40 severe. NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km, last four weeks. Satellite index over all vegetation; coarser than the manual prefers.
Soil moisture · PASM Severe32%Usual for the date 77%. This date read Severe in 3 of 12 earlier years. Table 3.6 (2020): PASM 76–100 no drought, 51–75 moderate, 0–50 severe. The State may recalibrate. Modelled: NRSC VIC at 30 cm via APWRIMS, four-week mean.
Hydrology · GWDI Normal−0.06Normal: 6.6 m below ground against a 6.1 m mean for the month, 12 years. Table 3.9: GWDI above −0.15 normal, to −0.30 mild, to −0.45 moderate, to −0.60 severe, below extreme. Measured: APWRIMS wells.
Agriculture · area sown n/a—Not published per mandal: the Agriculture department holds it. 3.2.3.1: sown area under 85% of normal is drought; 75% or less is severe.
3.3.1 Step 2: severe if two of three are severe and the third at least moderate; moderate if two are moderate or worse.
Step 3 · the State
Field verification due before harvest. 3.2.6: field checks in 10% of villages, about 5 sites per major crop; crop loss of 33% qualifies, over 50% for severe.
Every mandal on the Drought Watch
Aquifer Water Balancerainfall minus actual ET
TerraClimate 2025
Annual rainfall1,119.67 mm
Modelled actual ET856.27 mm
Annual rainfall minus actual ET+263.4 mm
Surplus

Rainfall minus modelled actual ET is climatic context, not crop water requirement, groundwater recharge, pumping or safe yield.

TerraClimate 2025 annual actual ET vs rainfall (~4 km, modeled). Not groundwater depth or a field irrigation instruction.
Measured History · APWRIMS-format
2014-06 – 2026-09
6.61m below ground
2026-09monsoon
010202014201620182020202220242026
Measured (APWRIMS) Modelled nowcast · p10–p90 Monsoon (Jun–Sep)Depth increases downward — a higher fill is a shallower water table.
Show the numbers
Depth to water by month, metres below ground (APWRIMS)
MonthDepth (m)
Sep 20266.61
Aug 20266.84
Jul 20266.14
Jun 20265.68
May 20265.40
Apr 20264.57
Mar 20264.26
Feb 20263.71
Jan 20263.14
Dec 20253.01
Nov 20252.48
Oct 20253.72
Sep 20253.95
Aug 20254.51
Jul 20255.24
Jun 20255.86
May 20255.68
Apr 20254.91
Mar 20253.66
Feb 20253.64
Jan 20253.06
Dec 20243.14
Nov 20243.11
Oct 20243.48
Sep 20243.93
Aug 20245.57
Jul 20247.21
Jun 20245.27
May 20246.97
Apr 20247.36
Mar 20247.40
Feb 20245.27
Jan 20244.46
Dec 20234.15
Nov 20235.34
Oct 20234.98
Sep 20236.00
Aug 20235.61
Jul 20235.12
Jun 20235.79
May 20236.28
Apr 20235.68
Mar 20235.25
Feb 20234.82
Jan 20234.28
Dec 20224.80
Nov 20224.10
Oct 20223.32
Sep 20223.28
Aug 20223.41
Jul 20223.85
Jun 20228.65
May 20224.90
Apr 202210.20
Mar 20224.90
Feb 20226.92
Jan 20223.32
Aug 20215.58
Jul 20216.03
May 20217.33
Feb 20215.62
Jan 20214.74
Dec 20204.33
Nov 20204.37
Oct 20208.74
Sep 20206.33
Aug 20208.48
Jul 20208.75
Jun 20209.31
May 20209.29
Apr 20208.98
Mar 20208.44
Feb 20208.03
Jan 20207.60
Dec 20197.46
Nov 20197.77
Oct 20197.88
Sep 20199.21
Aug 201910.59
Jul 201910.79
Jun 201910.94
May 201910.24
Apr 20199.94
Mar 20199.94
Feb 20199.55
Jan 20199.10
Dec 20188.95
Nov 20188.86
Oct 20188.85
Sep 20188.82
Aug 20188.78
Jul 20188.46
Jun 20188.25
May 20187.39
Apr 20188.14
Mar 20187.83
Feb 20187.54
Jan 20187.44
Dec 20176.46
Nov 20175.24
Oct 20174.82
Sep 20175.72
Aug 20177.09
Jul 20177.22
Jun 20178.41
May 20178.48
Apr 20178.33
Mar 20177.87
Feb 20177.34
Jan 20176.46
Dec 20165.66
Nov 20164.91
Oct 20164.11
Sep 20164.69
Aug 20168.71
Jul 201610.30
Jun 20169.92
May 201610.13
Apr 201610.08
Mar 201610.23
Feb 20167.24
Jan 20168.71
Dec 20158.24
Nov 201518.11
Oct 20157.53
Sep 20157.59
Aug 20158.01
Jul 20157.66
Jun 20157.22
May 20157.11
Apr 20155.50
Mar 20156.59
Feb 20156.51
Jan 20156.29
Dec 20146.02
Nov 20145.89
Oct 20146.74
Sep 20146.71
Aug 20146.98
Jul 20147.20
Jun 20147.33
APWRIMS-format monthly observations (m below ground). The dashed extension is the modelled nowcast — 6.19 m, P10–P90 5.36–7.24 m — not a measurement.
Monsoon Cycle · Recharge by Year
pre-monsoon May vs post-monsoon November
Typical monsoon recovery+2.84 mmedian across 10 paired years
Weakest recovery-11.00 min 2015
  1. 2015▼ 11.00 m
  2. 2016▲ 5.22 m
  3. 2017▲ 3.24 m
  4. 2018▼ 1.47 m
  5. 2019▲ 2.47 m
  6. 2020▲ 4.92 m
  7. 2022▲ 0.80 m
  8. 2023▲ 0.94 m
  9. 2024▲ 3.87 m
  10. 2025▲ 3.20 m
Pre-monsoon (May) — the annual low Post-monsoon (Nov) — after rechargeRecovery is the metres the water table rose over the monsoon. A short bar is a monsoon that did not refill the aquifer.
Derived from the measured APWRIMS-format history, not modelled. Years without both a May and a November reading are omitted rather than interpolated.
Data Quality & Freshness
Observation records141
Latest observation period2026-09
Satellite sample—
Measured labelAPWRIMS (AP-GWD)
Boundarypublic_prototype
141 observation months; modelled.
Data Sources
Measured Input · APWRIMS
APWRIMS mandal reading (2014-2026)
NASA Satellite-Model (GRACE-DA)
Real percentiles 0–100 · —
CHIRPS Rainfall Context
Monthly areal average · not direct measured recharge
Boundary Source
The State's outline (AWARE), rebuilt from its points · 331.2 km²
Recommended Action
Review the measured history and climate-context mismatch
Field-verify the current groundwater level
Review extraction and cropping context without assuming causation
Confirm with official APWRIMS data before operational use
Action Output
AWARE / APWRIMS Action Output (Preview)
{
  "district_name": "PALNADU",
  "mandal_name": "IPUR",
  "status": "Groundwater stress indicator",
  "confidence_label": "High",
  "recommended_action": "Review the measured history and field-verify conditions.",
  "source_caveat": "Unreleased preview; field verification and official schema required."
}
Prototype InsightAPWRIMS reading + real NASA satellite-model percentileNot official until the APWRIMS export is authorised · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)Go to watchlist