AP Water Intelligence
Andhra Pradesh Groundwater Assessment

Mandal Insights

APWRIMS-format readings fused with NASA/NDMC GRACE-DA satellite-model signals.

Prototype. Prototype results do not replace official field measurements or APWRIMS outputs.
OverviewMandal InsightsGiddalur

Giddalur Mandal

Markapuram District · 132 observation months
StressLimited ConfidenceCGWB 2024Not assessed Back to map
Historical Median Depth
39.3 mbgl
Available history / latest 2026-06
Observation Months
132
APWRIMS (AP-GWD)
NASA GW Percentile
7.5
Very Dry
Root-Zone Moisture
0.9
Very Dry
Surface Moisture
0.4
Very Dry
Overall Agreement
Context agreement unknown
Data Completeness
V2
Limited
Rainfall Context
137.9 mm
CHIRPS · Sep 2026
Location & Context
Basemap © OpenFreeMap · OSM · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Fusion Explanation
Measured · APWRIMS
39.3 mbgl
132 observation months
Rainfall / ET context
137.9 mm
climate balance: Balanced
Modelled nowcast
48.9 m
model P10–P90 43.57–56.26 m · Stress
Context agreement is unknown because one or more required fields are missing.
This seasongauge rain, soil moisture and storage
APWRIMS · research use
Gauge rain, 1 Jun to 17 Oct 2026−47% against normal

228 mm against a normal of 429 mm · Deficient · 22 rainy days · 12 gauges

Last month: 60 mm against 83 mm.

Measured: AP DES mandal rain gauges via APWRIMS.

Soil moisture, 18 Oct 202633% at 30 cm · usual 59%
  • 5 cm79%
  • 30 cm33%
  • 100 cm24%
  • 150 cm22%

3rd driest of 13 years for this date (range 23 to 99%). A week earlier: 27%.

Modelled: NRSC VIC land-surface model via APWRIMS; plant-available water as a share of what the soil holds.

Signals pointing to stress2 of 2 usable
  • Groundwater shortfall flaggedno usable value
  • Gauge rain 20% or more below normalyes
  • Soil among the driest quarter of years for the dateyes

A count of stated tests, not a score. The soil model is driven by rainfall, so those two are not independent.

Crop vegetation, 17 Sep to 14 Oct 20267 · severely below normal

Weekly since 25 Jun; dashed lines at 40 and 60, the drought manual’s class limits. Cropland is about 28% of this mandal's land.

Satellite index: NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km weekly, weighted to cropland (ESA WorldCover 2021). Plant vigour against the same weeks in other years, not yield.

Groundwater assessment 2025-2026Semi-critical · 85% of the extractable groundwater drawn
  • Irrigation19.4
  • Domestic1.3

20.7 of 24.5 million m³ a year (bars: share of the extractable resource, figures in million m³).

Official: CGWB and the AP State Ground Water Department, GEC-2015 method, via INGRES; unit Giddaluru.

Reservoirs in Markapuram, 19 Oct 2026
  • Pula Subbaiah Veligonda Project?%?% a year ago
  • Cum Bum Tank25%54.9% a year ago
  • Mopadu Reservoir Project0%13.4% a year ago

Storage at the dam, measured. Whether its canals reach this mandal needs the command-area map, which is not public.

Compare across the state
The State network’s latest reading
AWARE groundwater feed · one reading, not a monthly mean
Latest reading68.97 mbelow ground, 9 Sep 2026 · State band >20 m
Since May17.42 m deeperpre-monsoon 51.55 m
Against a year ago17.81 m deeper51.16 m then
Stations2wells averaged
Assembly constituency
Giddalur
Parliamentary constituency
Ongole
Revenue division
Markapur
LGD mandal code
05133
Official area
1302.4 km²
Outline drawn
official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)

AP AWARE groundwater feed (groundwater_aggregatedreadings_api) via the AI Living Labs data lake. Readings 1 Sep–9 Sep 2026.

Every constituency
Drought manual checkKharif 2026 · rain to 11 Oct 2026
steps 1–2 · not a declaration

Giddalur

Markapuram district · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)
Moderate or severe
Step 1 · Trigger 1Set
Rainfall vs normal−48%218 mm against 420 mm · Deficient. Table 3.1 (IMD): normal +19 to −19%, deficient −20 to −59%, large deficient −60 to −99%, no rain −100%. Measured: AP DES gauges via APWRIMS.
Longest dry spell5 wk3.2.1 B: consecutive weeks after the monsoon's due onset with under 50% of the week's normal; usually 4 weeks, 3 on light soils.
1 Jundashed line: half of normal11 Oct
SPI route (satellite)−1.85Severely dry; would set Trigger 1 on its own route. 3.2.1 C: SPI below −1 is a deficit; below −1.5 sets Trigger 1 without a dry spell. CHIRPS v3 since 1981.
Trigger 1 set by a dry spell. Table 3.11: a dry spell sets Trigger 1. Without one, only large-deficient rainfall (or SPI below −1.5) does.
Step 2 · Trigger 2 · 2 of 3 indicatorsModerate or severe
Remote sensing · VCI Severe22Table 3.4: VCI 60–100 normal, 40–60 moderate, 0–40 severe. NOAA STAR VHP, 4 km, last four weeks. Satellite index over all vegetation; coarser than the manual prefers.
Soil moisture · PASM Severe31%Usual for the date 59%. This date read Severe in 6 of 12 earlier years. Table 3.6 (2020): PASM 76–100 no drought, 51–75 moderate, 0–50 severe. The State may recalibrate. Modelled: NRSC VIC at 30 cm via APWRIMS, four-week mean.
Hydrology · GWDI n/a—Under 10 years of record for the month, or no series of its own. Table 3.9: GWDI above −0.15 normal, to −0.30 mild, to −0.45 moderate, to −0.60 severe, below extreme. Measured: APWRIMS wells.
Agriculture · area sown n/a—Not published per mandal: the Agriculture department holds it. 3.2.3.1: sown area under 85% of normal is drought; 75% or less is severe.
3.3.1 Step 2: severe if two of three are severe and the third at least moderate; moderate if two are moderate or worse.
Step 3 · the State
Field verification due before harvest. 3.2.6: field checks in 10% of villages, about 5 sites per major crop; crop loss of 33% qualifies, over 50% for severe.
Every mandal on the Drought Watch
Aquifer Water Balancerainfall minus actual ET
TerraClimate 2025
Annual rainfall1,003.9 mm
Modelled actual ET821.4 mm
Annual rainfall minus actual ET+182.5 mm
Balanced

Rainfall minus modelled actual ET is climatic context, not crop water requirement, groundwater recharge, pumping or safe yield.

TerraClimate 2025 annual actual ET vs rainfall (~4 km, modeled). Not groundwater depth or a field irrigation instruction.
Measured History · APWRIMS-format
2014-06 – 2026-06
57.30m below ground
2026-06monsoon
033652014201620182020202220242026
Measured (APWRIMS) Modelled nowcast · p10–p90 Monsoon (Jun–Sep)Depth increases downward — a higher fill is a shallower water table.
Show the numbers
Depth to water by month, metres below ground (APWRIMS)
MonthDepth (m)
Jun 202657.30
May 202651.55
Apr 202639.91
Mar 202639.42
Feb 202627.77
Jan 202622.00
Dec 202518.30
Nov 202515.45
Oct 202541.40
Sep 202547.92
Aug 202552.55
Jul 202554.75
Jun 202554.48
May 202557.41
Apr 202557.09
Mar 202550.45
Feb 202538.84
Jan 202530.50
Dec 202432.42
Nov 202439.16
Oct 202438.84
Sep 202449.55
Aug 202459.45
Jul 202458.52
May 202454.96
Apr 202457.02
Mar 202453.16
Feb 202449.22
Jan 202447.17
Dec 202344.30
Nov 202347.10
Oct 202339.73
Sep 202339.05
Aug 202348.63
Jul 202349.08
Jun 202341.41
May 202327.10
Apr 202339.95
Mar 202328.12
Feb 202324.29
Jan 202323.82
Dec 202220.23
Nov 202221.39
Oct 202220.15
Sep 202219.95
Aug 202238.90
Jul 202227.02
May 202227.38
Mar 202226.25
Aug 202121.90
Jul 202117.36
May 202124.75
Feb 202116.04
Jan 202113.07
Dec 20208.97
Nov 20206.97
Oct 202020.94
Sep 202018.23
Aug 202020.94
Jul 202020.95
Jun 202031.00
May 202031.90
Apr 202032.17
Mar 202032.32
Feb 202031.36
Jan 202026.48
Dec 201924.89
Nov 201921.98
Oct 201918.73
Sep 201915.70
Aug 201942.56
Jul 201946.71
Jun 201946.98
May 201948.61
Apr 201949.28
Mar 201949.21
Feb 201949.12
Jan 201948.99
Dec 201848.05
Nov 201847.77
Oct 201847.14
Sep 201845.54
Aug 201848.05
Jul 201846.50
Jun 201855.80
May 201844.77
Apr 201847.06
Mar 201846.57
Feb 201826.36
Jan 201826.01
Dec 201743.55
Oct 20171.40
Sep 201735.09
Aug 201747.08
Jul 201740.40
Jun 201743.64
May 201748.87
Apr 201748.78
Mar 201721.67
Feb 201749.31
Jan 201747.78
Dec 201647.06
Nov 201645.90
Oct 201643.37
Sep 201640.18
Aug 201649.39
Jul 201649.41
Jun 201649.40
May 201650.88
Apr 201658.65
Mar 201658.64
Feb 201658.64
Jan 20164.75
Dec 20153.52
Nov 201542.17
Oct 201515.27
Sep 201518.80
Aug 201519.13
Jul 201518.30
Jun 201518.04
May 201548.06
Apr 20157.90
Mar 20157.81
Feb 201513.81
Jan 201513.57
Dec 201413.57
Nov 201412.85
Oct 201413.23
Sep 201412.74
Aug 201412.08
Jul 20148.52
Jun 20148.92
APWRIMS-format monthly observations (m below ground). The dashed extension is the modelled nowcast — 48.9 m, P10–P90 43.57–56.26 m — not a measurement.
Monsoon Cycle · Recharge by Year
pre-monsoon May vs post-monsoon November
Typical monsoon recovery+5.99 mmedian across 9 paired years
Weakest recovery-20.00 min 2023
  1. 2015▲ 5.89 m
  2. 2016▲ 4.98 m
  3. 2018▼ 2.99 m
  4. 2019▲ 26.63 m
  5. 2020▲ 24.92 m
  6. 2022▲ 5.99 m
  7. 2023▼ 20.00 m
  8. 2024▲ 15.80 m
  9. 2025▲ 41.96 m
Pre-monsoon (May) — the annual low Post-monsoon (Nov) — after rechargeRecovery is the metres the water table rose over the monsoon. A short bar is a monsoon that did not refill the aquifer.
Derived from the measured APWRIMS-format history, not modelled. Years without both a May and a November reading are omitted rather than interpolated.
Data Quality & Freshness
Observation records132
Latest observation period2026-06
Satellite sample—
Measured labelAPWRIMS (AP-GWD)
Boundarypublic_prototype
132 observation months; modelled.
Data Sources
Measured Input · APWRIMS
APWRIMS mandal reading (2014-2026)
NASA Satellite-Model (GRACE-DA)
Real percentiles 0–100 · —
CHIRPS Rainfall Context
Monthly areal average · not direct measured recharge
Boundary Source
The State's outline (AWARE), rebuilt from its points · 1302.4 km²
Recommended Action
Collect an additional field observation before interpretation
Review the APWRIMS-format observation history
Reassess once the authorised APWRIMS export arrives
Do not treat as official until the APWRIMS export is authorised
Action Output
AWARE / APWRIMS Action Output (Preview)
{
  "district_name": "MARKAPURAM",
  "mandal_name": "GIDDALUR",
  "status": "Groundwater stress indicator",
  "confidence_label": "Limited",
  "recommended_action": "Review the measured history and field-verify conditions.",
  "source_caveat": "Unreleased preview; field verification and official schema required."
}
Prototype InsightAPWRIMS reading + real NASA satellite-model percentileNot official until the APWRIMS export is authorised · official boundary (AWARE, rebuilt)Go to watchlist